Arzachel.? That Western society used to call al-Zarqali, a? Muslim astronomers? legendary? Andalusia.? Its contribution to the development of modern astronomy is extremely large. He not only created the tech astronomy equipment, but also a series of important terori.

Not surprisingly, then, modern astronomy society perpetuate his name in one of the crater of the moon. He is listed as one of 24 Muslim scholars recognized the world of modern science. Al-Zarqali is one scientist who was born from the era of the triumph of Islam in Muslim Spain alias Andalusia.

Indeed, he was named full Abu Ishaq Ibrahim Ibn Yahya al-Zarqali. In the Islamic world, he is also known by the name? al-Zarqalluh or al-Zarqallah. He was born in Toledo, Andalusia in the year 1029 AD Al-Zarqali grew when kejayaam? Islamic civilization in Andalusia located on the edge of destruction.

At that time, Andalusia Christian army was attacked from various directions.? At the end of the 11th century AD, a center of Islamic civilization in Europe was almost falling dominated Christian army. Fortunately, army troops from Morocco Murabbitun Dynasty succeeded in breaking the enemy forces attack.

After power Murabbitun dynasty ended, the Islamic civilization in Andalusia still managed to shine for two centuries until the mid-13th century AD Long before al-Zarqali blossom into a respected scientist in Andalusia, the Islamic civilization in the region has had a phenomenal series of scientists such as: Ibn Firnas (d. 887), inventor presawat fly; al-Zahrawi (936-1013 AD), a surgeon; al-Dinawari? a botanist, as well as al-Majriti (d. 1007 CE) who is also a scientist-around.

Science thrived in Andalusia, as it gets support from the authorities.? In the reign of Caliph al-Hakam II, Andalusia has around 70 public libraries. Not only science that develops, cities in Andalusia was transformed into a leading metropolis.

"At that time, Andalusia is the most civilized city in Europe." Said T Burckhardt (1972) in his book Moorish Culture in Spain. The development of astronomy in science? Spanish Umayyad Caliphate era peaked in the 11th century and 12 M. Ibn Haitham become one of the original Andalusian astronomer who first change the configuration of Ptolemy.

At the end of the 11th century AD, al-Zarqali alias Arzachel become astronomers pride Muslim civilization in Andalusia. He discovered that the planet's orbit is elliptical rather than circular circular circular. In addition, there are other astronomers such as Ibn Bajjah as well? Nur Ed-Din Al Betrugi aka Alpetragius proposing a new planetary models.
The life of al-Zarqali

Barron Carra de Vaux (1921) in? his book entitled Les Penseurs de l'Islam called al-Zarqali with calls 'al-Nekkach' - metal sculptor. Before known as an astronomer, al-Zarqali began his career as a mechanic and manufacturer of metal crafts. His skills as a mechanic makes believed to be employees of Ibn Said of Toledo.

In 1060 AD, al-Zarqali make astronomical observatory equipment are dedicated to Yahya Ibn Abi Mansur. Initially, al-Zarqali does create tools for other scientists. Upload their work exceptional eventually invite? interest from other scientists.

"The other scientists finally admitted al-Zarqali intellectual prowess," explained? Barron Carra de Vaux. Al-Zarqali somewhat unique. He was a legendary Muslim scientists who never studied formally. In fact, at first, al-Zarqali hardly ever read even hold the book though.

The scientists are amazed by the works of al-Zarqali then encouraged her to learn. They gave her many books. Al-Zarqali was then self-taught. "Two years later, exactly? in 1062 AD, he became a member of a collection of scientists in Andalusia, "? Juan Vernet in Dictionary of Scientific Biography.

After aligning himself with other scientists, al-Zarqali no longer create tools for other scientists. The scientists began creating his own inventions. In fact, al-Zarqali also teaches science otoddak mastered. Since then, he was known as a leading scientist in Andalusia.

One of al-Zarqali discovery of the most phenomenal is watchmaking in Toledo. Hours are created that can still be used until the year 1135 AD His discovery attracted the attention of King Alphonso IV. In particular, King Alphonso find out bagaiama hours created al-Zarqali it worked.

In addition to successfully create a water clock which is very impressive, al-Zarqali astrolab also able to create the most sophisticated and accurate.? Atrolab who create it considered the best among other astrolab made before and during the period. Astrolab it can be used for various purposes.

Astrolab creations can be used to observe the cycle of the zodiac.? It also can be designed specifically to measure the latitude and projecting the location of the equator. Technology made astrolab can also specify hours or time.

Al-Zarqali so popular in the Western world. For centuries, his work is phenomenal, the Table of Toledo? so admired Western Christian Community. Results buha he thought it was so influential to western society.? His work was later diterjemhakan into the language? Latin by Gerard of Cremona.? His work al-Zarqali was able to survive for more than two centuries.

Effect of al-Zarqali so strong that it makes other table-table astronomy in Europe is based on the results of measurement al-Zarqali.? Table Marseilles which is based on Table Toledan artificial al-Zarqali also adapted? to the meridian of London, Paris and? Pisa.

Raymond from? Marseilles was one of the first to adapt the table al-Zarqali in Europe which city? Marseilles. Leopold of Austria, also recorded as the Austrian astronomer who was also influenced by the thought of al-Zarqali. Not only that, Tablas Alfonsinas made? Alfonso is also based on the work of al-Zarqali.

Al-Zarqali died in the year 1087 AD Even so, the fruit of thought and his work has given inspiration to other scientists, especially in Europe. Islamic civilization today is supposed to grow back the spirit and struggle of the life of an al-Zarqali. N Heri Ruslan


Contributions The Astronomer

Apart from the fact that unlicensed managed to find the planet's orbit is elliptical rather than circular orbit circular, al-Zarqali also capable of correcting geographical data made Ptolemy. In particular, she corrected the length of the Mediterranean Sea. Al-Zarqali also able to find a number of important facts related to a secret sky, such as planets, stars, moon and sun.

Discoveries of creation was written in the book entitled al-Safiha , al-Zarqaliya alias? Azafea. In the treatise was carrying a number of inventions such as, universal astrolab, table 29 and the other stars. Al-Zarqali known as a scientist who can combine technical ability with the theoretical.

In her notes, al-Zarqali revealed the existence of the observatory was also built the Islamic civilization in Toledo and Cordoba. The observatory was built under the reign of the Umayyad dynasty was believed to Spain have both been using the most sophisticated astronomical instruments in his day.? Some of them are al-Zarqali creation.

He also noted've found one of the analog computer equipment in the era of the triumph of Islam. Arzachel, so Westerners used to call Al-Zarqali, managed to find a counter Equatorium stars. Other analog computer equipment developed by A-Zarqali named Saphaea. This is the first universal astrolabe latitude-independent. Astrolabe is not dependent on latitude observer and can be used anywhere in the world.?